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Robert Servatius (31 October 1894 – 7 August 1983) was a West German lawyer, prominent in his profession in Cologne, and especially known for his judicial defenses of Nazi war crime, including Adolf Eichmann.
From 1918 to 1922, he studied law at the University of Marburg, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Humboldt University of Berlin, and the University of Bonn. He completed a legal clerkship, passed the staatsexamen in law, and received a doctorate of law from the University of Bonn in 1925.
Israeli law had to be changed to enable this, as until that time foreign lawyers had no right of audience in Israeli courts. The change enabled only those facing a capital charge to be represented by a non-Israeli lawyer.
Before he was appointed to defend Eichmann, Mossad investigated the history of Servatius, and found nothing which greatly troubled the investigators, e.g., they showed that Servatius had never been a member of the Nazi Party, which would have disqualified him.
Although he had been hired by Eichmann, it emerged that Eichmann would not be able to pay Servatius's fee. As a result, Servatius was paid by the Israeli government, following a precedent set at Nuremberg.
He was assisted in the defense of Eichmann by Dieter Wechtenbruch. Servatius arrived in Israel in October 1960, where he met with his client and began preparing a defense strategy. Following Eichmann's conviction and death sentence, Servatius handled his unsuccessful appeal to the Supreme Court and attempted to gain clemency for Eichmann from the Israeli president, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi.
Following Eichmann's execution, Servatius returned to West Germany, and made no comments to the media about the propriety and legality of the trial. Servatius died in Cologne in 1983 at the age of 88.
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